List four key elements of landscape design.

• A. Line, texture, color, scent
• B. Line, form, texture, color
• C. Form, texture, color, fragrance
• D. Line, form, texture, color

Answer: (D)

The four fundamental elements used to shape a landscape design are line, form, texture, and color. Line defines the direction and movement through a space—paths, edges, and sightlines guide how a viewer experiences the landscape and establish order. Form refers to the overall shape and mass of landscape features, from trees to built elements, giving the design its silhouette and structural rhythm. Texture describes the surface quality of plants and materials—whether surfaces are rough or smooth, fine or coarse—creating visual depth and contrast both up close and at a distance. Color provides mood, emphasis, and seasonal interest, helping to unify or highlight certain elements and control how the space feels.

Choosing a set that includes line, form, texture, and color best captures the essential design framework, whereas substitutes like scent or fragrance introduce a sensory attribute rather than a structural design element.