In composting, browns are carbon-rich materials. Which of the following is an example of a brown material?

• A. Fresh grass clippings
• B. Coffee grounds
• C. Fruit scraps
• D. Dried leaves

Answer: (D)

In composting, browns are carbon-rich materials that provide structure, absorb moisture, and decompose slowly to balance the pile. Dried leaves fit this role perfectly because they are dry, high in carbon, and break down slowly, which helps keep the compost aerated and prevents the center from becoming too wet or compacted. Fresh grass clippings are moisture-heavy and nitrogen-rich, so they’re considered greens. Coffee grounds and fruit scraps are also typically treated as greens due to their nitrogen content and moisture. So the dried leaves are the brown material.